Crime and punishment morally ambigous character Essay Example for Free

Crime and punishment morally ambigous character Essay Several morally ambiguous characters played different vital roles in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. In fact, most characters illustrated in this twisted novel can be evaluated as possesing good and evil qualities. Sonia Marmeladov is especially ambiguous and important in this novel. Her contradicting social and moral statuses along with her contrasting roles as a saintly liberator and sinner allowed Sonia to play a crucial role throughout the novel. Not only that but her character further strengthens the theme of religious awakening. At times Sonias character becomes hard to categorize as good or evil because of her actions. The first descriptions the reader gets of Sonia are from her drunk father, Marmeladov. She has lived her life with little money, poor housing conidtions described as having every sign of povery (294). Sonia tries to make an honest living by making linen shirts but do you suppose that a respectable poor girl can earn much by hard work? Not fifteen farthings a day can she earn(15). Not merely enough to support a family along with her drunk fathers habits. So Sonia eventually becomes a prositute in order to to support her family and gains a yellow ticket (16) This is what gained Sonia her title as a sinner and which puts her character at question. However, Marmeladov explains to Raskolnikov how Sonia goes to them mostly after dark, she comforts Katerina Ivanorna and gives her all she can( 16). This part of Sonias character depicts her as a loving daughter willing to sacrifice herself to save her family. This portrayal in some ways resembles Christ as He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness. He sarcrificed himself as she sacrifies herself. Does that change the fact that she is committing a sin? No of course not and that is exactly where the conflict of her morality takes place. The world sees her in such an attire(163)which puts her to shame in her guady finery (163) Yet the reader sees a young, timid girl who was pushed to take drastic decisions in her life. It is Sonias actions which are evil but her purpose and pure soul make her more saintly than most of the characters in the novel. Because her character plays this role, it is her who helps Raskolnikov find his religious faith and who leads him to finally come clean later on in the book. Another circumstance where Sonya is morally ambiguous is where she has to decide to either have a relationship with Raskolnikov, or leave him out of the picture when he tells her that it is he who murdered the pawnbroker. Sonya knows that it is right to help Raskolnikov because he could be lost and go even deeper into his madness. However, Sonya knows that Raskolnikov is a killer and it would be wrong to be associated with somebody who knowingly commits sins as extravagant as murder. Sonya is also aware that Raskolnikov has issues and his madness could drive him to do other things that could lead to even worse consequences. Sonia does tell Raskolnikov that he must turn himself in and confess his sins but she also hugs him and kisses him as to comfort him. Her odd response is to tell Raskolnikov I will follow you, I will follow you everywhere Ill follow you to Siberia (407). As she tries to find a valid excuse as to why he killed those women, she finds that there was no good intentions in his mind, yet she still sticks by Raskolnikovs side. This response leaves the reader wondering whether Sonia is doing this to help a lost soul and play her role as a saintly liberator or does her love blind her and is she simply not caring that what Raskolnikov committed was murder. However, even though the last part of the book depicts Sonia as an accomplice to a morally wrong crime, the epilogue illustrates her as a saintly liberator. In Siberia, the image which she carried back in part one and part two of the book are stripped and she is loved by the prisoners in the camp. They even called her â€Å"little mother Sofya Semyonovna†(538), and although it is clearly stated that Sonia herself did nothing special to be liked, their preference for her depicts that they sensed her moral â€Å"goodness. † Without direct statement, Sonia herself was the reason why Raskolnikov felt in some way his religious reawakening. Through her unconditional love, she and her role made this â€Å"story of a gradual renewal of a man† (542) happen. Dostoevsky theme of religion was carried on and developed by Sonia’s character through her moral ambiguity. Though her character appears to be immoral in several cases, in the epilogue the reader sees how it all comes together and how Doestoevsky uses Sonya illustrates important social and political issues that were of concern to him, such as the treatment of women, the effects of poverty, the importance of religious faith, and the importance of devotion to family.

Charles Dickens use of writing as a tool to change society in A Christmas Carol :: essays research papers

?Charles Dickens used much of his writing as a tool to change society. How does he attempt this in ?A Christmas Carol? and to what extent does he succeed During Victorian Britain, 1837-1901, the population of the country grew immensely. By the start of the twentieth century, there were three times as many people as there was at the beginning of the previous century. This led to a huge shortage of housing and work, for people to earn money towards their family budget. As there were too many workers in industries, each person was paid very little money and because of that they all had to work for very long hours. Therefore, children had to work too as they were expected to contribute to the family budget. Their size was often taken advantage of as they were sent to do very dangerous jobs which adults could not do for very long hours. Nevertheless, they only received a small amount of wages. The shortage in housing resulted in people having to settle for extreme and crowded conditions. ?Hideous slums, some of them acres wide and some more than crannies obscure misery, make up a substantial part of metropolis .........In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room?. They had to live in such small rooms amongst so many others and they regularly died of starvation. There were also many poor civilians that passed away because of diseases. This was because sewers ran straight down the middle of the streets, often merging with the drinking water that was around. Also, the shortage of housing meant that the rich and the poor lived side by side as the cramped houses of the poor were right next to the large and spacious ones of the wealthy. This was the same chapter of history in which Charles Dickens grew up in and he, like many others, was from a poor family. At a very young age, he was forced to begin work as his father had been arrested.

Can Television Improve Social and Political Life in the United States?

Throughout history television has been used to improve social and political life in the United States in many ways. Television reaches millions of viewers in the United States on a daily basis. It is an important form of communication and has been for many years. Television brings important historical events, both positive and negative, directly into the homes of America. People do not only read about current events, they experience them in real time. Society and Television Television can be used as an education tool because there are many television shows on the air that are informative and educational. The right television shows can teach our children about morals and values. Educational television is not only for children, television channels such as â€Å"National Geographic† and â€Å"The History Channel† can serve as learning tools for adults. There are also programs that educate society about problems and concerns about the social and political aspects in America. Since there is at least one television in each household, it is the best tool to use when airing news broadcasts used address a large audience (Csun. edu). Issues such as the large rate of unemployment or political happenings in the country are made known to the American public. Using television to educate those who do not know all of the facts and data related to issues of society is one way these issues can be addressed. Airing programs that address these issues during prime time news or highly watched shows would utilize the influence that television has and reach a large number of people at one time. One way to improve social life in the United States is to let the majority of the population know what is going on in America. When awareness is improved, news coverage and politics begin to get involved with the issues that the American people are concerned about. Political Television The television can be used to improve political life as well. The news stations cover and dramatize the news when it comes to politics. There is always a politician arguing over the latest issue that has arisen. Even though these types of arguments are sometimes dramatized, it gives the American people a chance to view both sides of an issue. Television also airs messages from politicians who are campaigning for seats in the Senate or House. This is useful with providing American people with knowledge about candidates and what they stand for. The American people get to see the pros and cons of one side versus the other side and then decide who they agree with. Television can improve political life by informing Americans about who stands for what and what the politician’s goals may be (abelard. org). A person is better suited to make a clear and conscious decision about who they want to vote for in any election through the information that television provides to the public. Television helps improve both social and political life in by raising awareness of social issues and informing people about political aspects that are going on in the United States.

Organizational Culture and Change in Southwest Airlines

Organizational culture and change in Southwest Airlines Organizational Culture and Change Introduction Organizations like the Southwest Airlines all have a culture, which demonstrates how the organization works and usually acts as its motivational tool. An organizational culture is important to the organization, as it is the major element in helping attain the organizations goals and objectives. Cultures in organizations are vast, with different organizations adopting their own type of culture. The examples of culture include; club cultures, where employees of the organization are assisted to fit into the culture. This is the most common type adopted by most organizations. There is also the academy culture, where the organization keeps its most skilled employees. The skills are developed by the company and an example of the organization that mostly uses this culture is the large corporations like the Southwest Airlines. The base team culture is designed to maintain high skilled employees, as these employees have great skills and can work for many other organizations. Other organizatio ns have cultures that are highly discouraged, like the fortress culture, where employees hardly know their fate, and can be laid off any time. These organizations often undergo changes through reorganization, and only the specialized skilled people have chances for positions in the organization. Despite these many types of the cultures, management should ensure culture that is reputable, andShow MoreRelatedLeadership of Southwest Airlines1148 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership of Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is often a modeled by other companies for its organizational structure. Organizations that have an effective management team are successful in developing a strong organizational culture, utilizing managerial controls, and leveraging diversity. Effective management teams are developed by cultivating leadership skills in those that supervise the company’s associates. Organizations want managers that can motivate their associates to achieve theRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Corp. Culture1727 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I have researched in to Southwest Airline, I have focused to write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which I will, determine how Southwest Airlines’ corporate culture differs from other airlines. I will then analyze three (3) ways that Southwest’s unique culture has benefited the airline and its employees and eventually I will speculate how Southwest Airlines would continue to thrive as a company if its current corporate cultu re would need to change in the near future. The specificRead MoreControl Mechanism1416 Words   |  6 PagesSouthwest Airlines: Control Mechanisms Southwest Airlines is a dynamic organization that is researched and studied by many. One reason for this attention is the positive corporate culture. This culture attracts dynamic people to the organization who are encouraged to be innovative and grow as leaders while supporting and promoting the mission of the airline. This culture was established through effective planning, organizing and leadership. To maintain this culture and the success of the airlineRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Strategy Implementation Analysis1199 Words   |  5 PagesSouthwest Airlines Strategy Implementation Analysis Executive Summary Southwest Airlines has clearly implemented one of the top operational strategies in the entire industry over the last few decades. It has claimed countless awards and recognitions for items such as employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, profitability, as well as being able to command some of the lowest operating costs in the industry. Even though Southwest Airlines has achieved a level of excellence that is rare in almostRead MoreCulture Is The Shared Values And Beliefs That Shapes An Organization1117 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture is the shared values and beliefs that shapes an organization (Bethel, 2016). Further, organizational culture defines how the employees and leadership treat each other and others (Parnell, 2014). Honestly, it appears Southwest has captured pieces of both an adaptive and inert culture. Why? Adaptive culture exhibits trust, employee involvement, positive change, and a willingness to embrace change relevant to their core values (Parne ll, 2014). Check, Southwest meets the criteriaRead MoreThe Merger Of Airtran By Southwest Airlines1234 Words   |  5 PagesTitle of Case: THE MERGER OF AIRTRAN BY SOUTHWEST AIRLINES: WILL THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES MERGE? Date: 09/14/2014 Name: Sagar Mehta. Critical Facts: â€Å"On Sept. 27, 2010, Southwest Airlines announced it would purchase AirTran Holdings in a $1.42 billion deal that will expand the nation s largest low-cost airline to 37 new cities.† (Young) â€Å"After Merger â€Å"Southwest becomes the nation’s fourth largest airline†. The AirTran merger would give Southwest new or expanded presence in 63 markets includingRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Organizational Culture770 Words   |  4 Pages Southwest Airlines corporate philosophy can be credited to one of the founders Herb Kelleher. It is an airline company with a unique culture â€Å"goofiness†, which keeps the morale of its employees high (Smith, 2004), and is a company that welcomes fun, dedication, and effort. Southwest believes that a happy employee will create a happy customer, and will create loyal customers. Mr. Kelleher effectively implemented its style, culture and emphasis on quality in the daily actives at Southwest (SmithRead MoreSouthwest Airline Merger With AirTran Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Southwest Airlines has come from an underdog to being one of the best airlines in the industry. This reputation translates from its strategic management of resources. The Co-founder and former CEO, Herb Kelleher, established a unique corporate culture that leads to high customer satisfaction, employees’ morale, and one of the most profitable airlines in the industry (Jackson et al., 2012). The corporate culture concentrates on empowerment the workforce. It shows through Southwest Airlines coreRead MoreThe Expansion of Southwest Airlines1503 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: Southwest Airlines has been in business for nearly 43 years and has over 44,000 employees. Southwest has a current operating income of $17.7 billion (Information for the Worlds Business Leaders - Forbes.com, n.d). Like all great companies Southwest is currently looking to expand its services beyond their current borders. With the acquisition of its newest company AirTran, another low-cost airline, the expansion is more of a reality. With this expansion come changes to services asRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Intellectual Assets Analysis1144 Words   |  5 PagesSouthwest Airlines Intellectual Assets Introduction Southwest Airlines Company (Southwest Airlines or ‘the Company’ SWA) is a passenger airline that provides scheduled passenger and freight transportation services. The Company primarily provides scheduled services throughout the US and near-international markets. It is headquartered in Dallas, Texas and employs 48,000 people and serves over one hundred million customers annually (â€Å"Southwest,† 2015). Southwest Airlines has accumulated over forty

Inquiry Learning Experience - 1140 Words

This inquiry learning experience is designed to give students the opportunity to explore the metamorphosis of a caterpillar into a butterfly (see appendix). Through this experience, children will practice the skills of observing, communicating, classifying and inferring. These skills are integrated in the lessons and allow children to construct knowledge about how caterpillar will change into a butterfly following certain developmental growth sequence. Children need to collect information about the life cycle of a butterfly using their science journals to record observations and questions and assess their understanding. The learning strategies vary from individual to a whole group activity and small group activity and ensure that teachers are giving individual attention and encouragement for students to express ideas and thoughts and practice writing in their journals. In this experience, children will be giving the opportunity to observe the transformation process in their class as part of real life experience while observing real caterpillar transforming into a butterfly. More activities such as songs, sequence cards game, charts, drawing, stories and audio visual videos (See appendix) are there to reinforce the understanding of the concept. A fieldtrip to a place where they rear butterflies will be very beneficial as well if such a place does exist. It would be an amazing educational experience for students and teachers to visit and witness this amazing naturalShow MoreRelatedInquiry On The Humanities Classroom Essay1882 Words   |  8 Pages Inquiry Learning in the Humanities Classroom 1.0 What is Inquiry Learning in Humanities and Social Sciences? Humanities and Social sciences is one of the most important subjects in the Australian Curriculum because it leads students into learning about people and how people interact with each other and the environment. It is foundational to sustainable practices and civic responsibility. As parents, you may remember Geography; History; Business and Economics; and Civics and Citizenship as beingRead MoreConstructivism And Constructivism724 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstanding. Learning involves an active process in which learners construct meaning by linking new ideas with their existing knowledge. (Naylor Keogh, 1999, p.93) As a teacher, you have to arm the students with the necessary tools so that they discover new things for themselves. Jones also states, The human mind can know only what the human mind has made (von Glasersfeld, 1995, p. 21). Constructivism is and always will be considered a higher-level thinking way of teaching and learning. Over theRead MoreThe Effect Of Inquiry Based Learning On Pupils Understanding2214 Words   |  9 Pages THE EFFECT OF INQUIRY – BASED LEARNING ON PUPILS’ UNDERSTANDING STUDENT NUMBER: 9607807 THE EFFECT OF INQUIRY – BASED LEARNING ON PUPILS’ UNDERSTANDING Two of the three aims of the national curriculum for mathematics in England states that pupils should be able to: †¢ reason mathematically by following a line of enquiry, conjecturing relationships and generalisations, and developing an argument, justification or proof using mathematical language †¢ solve problems by applying theirRead MoreQuestions On Science : Science Inquiry6774 Words   |  28 PagesElementary Methods Unit 5: Science Inquiry in the Classroom Summary: In today?s traditional science classroom, teachers are the givers of knowledge and present the required information in either a lecture or presentation method. Students are expected to sit quietly, take notes and retain the information for the test at the end of the unit. When student do engage in science activities, they do not often connect the concept with the activity with causes a lack of student understanding and retentionRead MoreHow Teachers Can Use Social Constructivist Based Instructional Practices3528 Words   |  15 Pages310-200-7672 GED 501 Seminar in Learning and Development California State University of Dominguez Hills December 2014 Abstract Instructional practices based in social constructivism involve students constructing new knowledge utilizing social interaction amongst themselves and with teachers. Learner-centered classrooms require significant planning and forethought by teachers to ensure that instruction is well structured, but fluid enough to allow for student-led inquiry. This paper analyzes severalRead MoreRationale Of Curriculum Integration And Differentiation1705 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual needs, interests and abilities. 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Students learn better when they are actively engaged in learning process (Jaakkola, 2012). In inquiry learning environments students learn by actively participating in the learning process, interacting

Students Who Are Studying Through E Learning Effectively,...

Students who are studying through E-Learning effectively, they will have preferable results level than those who do not!! Introduction The education system one of the fundamentally indispensable parts of any society also by using the information and communication technology undoubtedly led to appearance and development the E-learning, which helped students to develop their skills and expand educational opportunities for the advancement of their countries in the 21st century (Garrison and Anderson, 2003). In the present years teaching and education by using E-learning system have become a widespread phenomenon (Najmul and Islam, 2015). â€Å"E-learning can be understood as an educational process, using information and communication technologies to create training, to distribute learning content, communication between students and teachers and for a management of studies† (Wagner, 2005). Due the tremendous growth in Internet technology, approach E-learning has become increasingly popular for learning in higher education institutions (Oye et al., 2012). E-learning can be in several different patterns through edu cation by using computers and interactive electronic boards, as well as take benefits of the Communications and Information technology through the Internet for distance learning at various universities around the world any sense to exploit all available technologies for learning. The fundamental purpose of conducting this research is to emphasize the impact of e-learning onShow MoreRelatedComputer Based Learning4665 Words   |  19 PagesABSTRACT Learning is a process that is influenced significantly by the combination and interactions of three main areas of influence: agent, activity and world. A number of writers have used other descriptions for these influencing factors. 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Through in-depth analysis and application of existing theories to the chosen case study company, the findings of this research demonstrated that although national culture does have an undeniable influence on people‟s behaviour and their communication style, implications in communication between business partners of different cultural backgroundsRead MoreOcean Park Marketing Project9976 Words   |  40 PagesManagement Project â €“ A Two Years Marketing Plan for Ocean Park Student Name: Chan Chi Keung Tommy Student Number: 052354 Spring Term 2008 Table of Contents (A) (B) (C) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P4 INTRODUCTION OF OCEAN PARK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P.5-6 MARKETING OBJECTIVE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P.7 1. 2. To attract more Mainland visitors in coming two years To sustain/ maintain Ocean Park as a world-class and must-see destination (D) SITUATION ANALYSIS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreOcean Park Marketing Project9969 Words   |  40 PagesManagement Project – A Two Years Marketing Plan for Ocean Park Student Name: Chan Chi Keung Tommy Student Number: 052354 Spring Term 2008 Table of Contents (A) (B) (C) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P4 INTRODUCTION OF OCEAN PARK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P.5-6 MARKETING OBJECTIVE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P.7 1. 2. 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Improving Quality to Improve Profits Free Essays

string(67) " database and compare this number to the current active suppliers\." Improving Quality to Improve Profits XXXXXXXX BUS 642: Business Research Methods Tools Prof. Donna Wall September 10, 2012 ? Improving Quality to Improve Profit Public companies continuously experience pressure to increase profits for shareholders. One method of increasing profits is to reduce expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Quality to Improve Profits or any similar topic only for you Order Now One expense Schlumberger management believes is totally within the company’s control is the first pass yield of their products. Specifically, Schlumberger management believed that raising the first pass yield of their product to at least 99% would result in at least a 1% increase in profit. As Fawcett Calantone (2000) point out â€Å"quality’s relevance extends to its ability to reduce costs of defective work. Crosby estimated that the cost of quality are equivalent to 15 to 20 percent of sales revenue and argued that if quality were improved, total cost would inevitably fall, increasing firms profitability† (par. 22). As a result, Schlumberger management authorized a study to validate their hypothesis and determine specific focus areas to place resources that will maximize the effort for achieving results. To start the validation, the research team decided to utilize the specific research process charted in Business Research Methods written by Cooper and Schindler. As Cooper and Schindler (2011) point out â€Å"good research generates dependable data that are derived by professionally conducted practices and that can be used reliably for decision making† (p. 12). Cooper and Schindler (2011) go on to state â€Å"good research follows the standard scientific method: systematic, empirically based procedures for generating replicable research† (p. 2). As a result, this particular study will follow the process of clearly define the purpose, provide process details, thoroughly plan the research design, provide high ethical standards, reveal any limitations honestly, provide adequate analysis for the decision makers, present findings unambiguously, justify the conclusions, and reflect the researcher’s experience. The first step in the overall process is to clearly defined purpose. To complete this step we need to answer the following questions. Question one is what is the management dilemma? Question two is what are the management questions? Question three is what are the research questions? And the forth question is what are the investigative questions? In this case, the management dilemma is how to increase profit margin. The management question is if we increase first pass yield to 99%, will profit margin increase by at least 1% given everything else stays equal? The research questions are what areas of the business should management allocate resources to improve first pass yield? The investigation questions are 1) what is the current first pass yield of our manufacturing facilities? 2) What is the first pass yield of each manufacturing facility? 3) What is the first pass yield of each product group? 4) What is the first pass yield of our incoming material from all suppliers? 5) What is the first pass yield of each active supplier? 6) What is the current profit margin? Next in the overall process is to create an operational definition for the study. In this particular study specific definitions are needed. For consistency, we will utilize the Association for Operations Management (or APICS) definitions for operating profit and first pass yield. APICS defines profit margin as â€Å"the difference between the sales and cost of goods sold for an organization. † According to APICS first pass yield is defined as â€Å"the ration of products that conform to specifications without rework or modification to total input. † This definition will be used in our manufacturing facilities as well as incoming material from our suppliers. Other terms that need to be defined for clarity include Schlumberger manufacturing assembly site facility, supplier, approved supplier list, and current active suppliers. Schlumberger manufacturing site will be defined as any manufacturing or assembly site Schlumberger owns. A supplier will be defined as any company delivering components, sub-assemblies, or final products that are not owned by Schlumberger. Approved supplier list will be defined as the list of suppliers approved by Schlumberger through the Quality Manufacturing and Safety (QMS) Audit and first article processes. Current active suppliers will be defined as any supplier that has supplied components, sub-assemblies or end products to Schlumberger within the last year. Part numbers will be considered active if Schlumberger has ordered or received a part number in the last year and has a forecast or purchase order placed for delivery within the next two years. Items that are considered out of scope for this study include software, services, facilities contractors, and transportation services. Any new products not released prior to the start of this study will also be considered out of scope for this research. The primary method of gathering data will be to analyze and consolidate the raw information currently in the corporate databases. These databases include Approved Supplier List, eQuality, Incoming Inspection, Quest, and Finance. The research team does not plan to conduct any formal surveys at this time. The research team will consist of at least one person from each of the potential stakeholders. These stakeholders will include Finance, Quality, Supply Chain Management, Procurement, Manufacturing, and Information Technology (IT). Schlumberger has several databases with significant raw data in each. The team realizes that obtaining and consolidating this information in a usable form might require the help of IT resources and potentially delay the overall results of the study. The research team plans to obtain the following information from the data available in the databases. The team will begin gathering data closest to the end customer and move upstream in the process flow to analyze the major process points along the supply chain. As a result, the team will review the current overall first pass yield for all Schlumberger manufacturing sites, each individual manufacturing site, and each product line. In addition, the research team will analyze the first pass yield at incoming inspection from the suppliers. This information will be analyzed at a global level, by supplier, and by Schlumberger manufacturing site location. The team will also determine how many suppliers are in the approved supplier database and compare this number to the current active suppliers. You read "Improving Quality to Improve Profits" in category "Essay examples" Since Pareto Analysis is such an important data analysis tool, this research team plans to utilize this approach as the primary method of organizing the data. As Karuppusami Gandhinathan (2006) point out a Pareto Analysis is a QC tool that ranks the data classifications in the descending order from the highest frequency of occurrences to the lowest frequency of occurrences. The total frequency is equated to 100 percent. The â€Å"vital few† items occupy a substantial amount (80 per cent) of cumulative percentage of occurrences and the â€Å"useful many† occupy only the remaining 20 per cent of occurrences† (par. 2). Utilizing Pareto Analysis will provide an easy way to determine where to focus resources for maximum benefit. Analyzing the resource allocation and budget needs to support this study reveals we need a core team of six people, a budget of $350,000, and four months to present the teams findings. At least one team member will represent the following func tions in the company. These functions include Finance, Quality, Supply Chain Management, Procurement, Manufacturing, and IT. The Finance Vice-president will be the champion of the study. Other employees will be involved as needed to complete the research. The budget includes salaries of the team members for four months, researching internal databases, potentially developing IT scripts to extract needed data and potentially visiting manufacturing facilities and suppliers to validate data or obtain additional detailed information. As in any research project, handling the study with the highest ethics is extremely important. As Cooper and Schindler (2011) point out â€Å"the goal of ethics is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activity† (p. 2). Cooper and Schindler (2011) go on to state â€Å"unethical activities are pervasive and include violating nondisclosure agreements, breaking participant confidentiality, misrepresenting results, deceiving people, using invoicing irregularities, avoiding legal liability, and more† (p. 32). Although this research team does not plan to conduct ‘official† surveys, t he team will conduct interviews with various participants to verify the data. In each case, the research team will disclose the nature of the study before engaging participants. Although Schlumberger has a strict no retaliation policy in the company, the final research report will not include the specific employee names of Schlumberger or suppliers employees. The primary focus of the study will be following and presenting the data related to product quality and increasing profits. The research team will honor all nondisclosure agreements and report the overall facts honestly. Consistent with company and standard research policy, the highest safety practices will be used throughout the study. Consistent with the research approach, the research team analyzed the data for the company owned manufacturing sites, first. This raw data revealed Schlumberger has a total of twenty-seven company owned manufacturing sites located in nine different countries. To review the first pass yield of these facilities, the research team reviewed a total of 4,376 quality records posted during 2012. The overall first pass yield for all twenty-seven facilities is 82 percent. The three facilities with the lowest first pass yields are all located in the Houston area. The three product lines with the lowest first pass yield are Pressure and Sampling (59%), Seismic (67%), and Drilling (71%). Next, the tea m began to analyze the information regarding our supplier performance. Based on the raw data, Schlumberger has a total of 5,778 approved suppliers. Of these suppliers 63% (or 3640) are considered active suppliers by definition. Of these active suppliers, twenty suppliers account for 61% of the line items delivered to the twenty-seven facilities. Three specific suppliers have the lowest first pass yield. These three suppliers are Freeport (46%), Harrison (61%), and Tenaris (63%). Based on public financial records, the current profit margin is recorded as $0. 98 per share in Q1FY12 and $1. 02 per share in Q2FY12. This translates into $1. 303 billion in Q1FY12 and $1. 40 billion in Q2FY12. A one percent increase in profit would increase earnings by just over $13 million per quarter. To validate the first pass yield data, the research team visited four company owned manufacturing sites each in North America, Europe, and Asia. Two of the facilities visited in each region recorded the highest first pass yields in that region. Two of the facilities visited in each region recorded the worst first pass yields in that region. During these visits, the research team took a tour of each facility, conducted an audit of the quality records and interviewed key members of each manufacturing team including the Process Engineers, Quality Engineers, Incoming Inspection and Finished Goods Inventory Warehouse Managers. During the audit, the research team reviewed each facilities documented processes, actual processes utilized and the data recorded in the quality database. To the research team’s surprise, the methods utilized in each of the facilities were not consistent – either documented or in actual practice. The North American and European facilities utilized and practiced the definition of first pass yield consistent with the research team’s definition. However, the Asian manufacturing facilities did not record the actual first pass yield per our definition. Instead, if a product failed testing, the Asian facilities would retest the product. If the product passed testing during the second or even the third test and passed, they recorded a positive first pass quality yield. The finding of inconsistent data records in the Asian facilities weakened the confidence in the raw data analyzed previously. However, it did uncover an opportunity to strengthen the company’s overall processes. In summary, the raw data suggests Houston manufacturing facilities have the three low yields of the twenty-seven in total. However, these facilities might not be the lowest yields because the research team uncovered inconsistencies in the data collection definition and process between the Asian manufacturing facilities and the European or North American facilities. As a result, a further study is recommended of the Asian facilities to determine how significant the overall raw data is skewed by them utilizing a different process to collect and record first pass yield. At the same time resources should be placed in the Houston facilities to raise the first pass yield from the current low level to 99%. Since the data and process for collecting and recording the data for the supplier first pass yield is consistent, the research team is confident in the results achieved. It is the recommendation of the research team to focus resources on the three lowest yielding suppliers. These resources should conduct a more detailed analysis to uncover the Pareto Analysis of the top defects. Once the top three defects are determined, the root cause and appropriate corrective actions can be determined to raise the first pass yield to the appropriate levels. Reviewing the financial evidence suggests a 1% increase in profit is achievable if the overall first pass yield of Schlumberger manufacturing facilities rises to 99%. To achieve this high yield levels quickly, the company will need a systematic and consistent approach across all facilities and suppliers. One such process to consider is implementing a combined Lean and Six Sigma continuous improvement approach in each manufacturing facility and with our suppliers. Since determining the cost of implementing Lean and Six Sigma process is out of scope for this research team, a further study would be needed to determine the cost of implementing significant process improvement verse the potential 1% benefit per quarter. Throughout this research the team worked well together. Having a process to follow made the overall activities much easier to accomplish in a systematic way. All members believed the success of this study was largely due to the planning at the beginning of the process. To keep the project on track, it was important to define exactly what activities were in the scope of the project and what was considered of of scope. When the team uncovered inconsistencies, in data collection or processes, we were able to document the information an continue progress toward the overall goal. Now that this study is complete the information will be recorded in our company Quest database for future reference. References APICS deifinitions First Pass Yield http://www. apics. org/dictionary/dictionary-information? ID=1543 Profit Margin http://www. apics. org/dictionary/dictionary-information? ID=3188 Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, P. S. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York : McGraw-Hill Irwin Fawcett, S. E. , Calantone, R. J. (2000). Meeting quality and cost imperatives in a global market. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 30(6), 472-499. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/232588532? accountid=32521 Karuppusami, G. , Gandhinathan, R. (2006). Pareto analysis of critical success factors of total quality management. The TQM Magazine, 18(4), 372-385. doi: 10. 1108/09544780610671048. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/227643251/fulltext/13911EA989455E63FDD/3? accountid=32521 How to cite Improving Quality to Improve Profits, Essay examples