Australian TOT(Terms of trade) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Australian TOT(Terms of trade) - Essay Example On the other hand, a TOT value greater than 100% implies that the country is accumulating capital or more money is coming into the country from the exports. If the TOT of a country improves (rise above 100), it means that for each export unit sold it can be able to buy more units of the imported goods. Therefore, a rise or increase in the TOT creates a benefit in terms of the number of goods required to be exported in order to purchase a particular amount of imports. Improving TOT can also contain a valuable effect on the domestic cost-push inflation because an improvement shows falling import prices relative to the prices of exports. However, a country can undergo suffering in terms of the falling export volumes and a deterioration payments balance. Contrary to the indications of an increasing TOT, a deteriorating TOT (decreasing below 100) shows that a country needs to export increased amount of goods in order to buy a particular quantity of imports.1 Australian TOT Between the yea r 1998- 1999 and the year 2008 to 2009, the TOT of Australia have undergone or went through an unprecedented rice of 75% indicating the alterations in both the composition and prices of traded services and goods. The prices of exports grew by 86% whereas that of imports grew by 9%. The increase or rise in the prices of exports was driven by the rise in metal ores and coal while the decrease in prices of most manufactured goods assisted in keeping the import prices down.2 In the year 2011, the TOT peaked rising to a level of 105% above the preciously prevailing values from the year 2002. This particular boom in TOT was attributed largely to the staggering high prices that the foreign buyers were paying for commodities such as iron, gas, and coal. Holding down of the import prices by the recorded high Australian dollar also boosted the TOT. In the month of December 2011 to march 2012 a decline of 9.8% was reported in the TOT. From this time, a free fall has been there in the Australia n TOT a situation that economists argue is beginning to get serious. The data available for the period of June quarter on the Australian dollar and the prices of commodities suggests that the TOT decreased by another 7% bringing the total TOT decline in three consecutive quarters to approximately 16%. The TOT absolute level is still high on any particular long run assessment but the decline does not suggest that the country is at the low point of the cycle. The fall in the TOT presents a huge downside risk to the economy of Australia.3 The TOT and the TWER (trade weighted exchange rate), for the actual year 1998 to 2012 and also the indicative for the year 2012 to 2017 are displayed in the figure below. Sources: the exchange rate was retrieved from the Statistical Bulletin of the Reserve Bank of Australia while the TOT (terms of trade) was retrieved from the ABS Table 1 Cat. no. 5206.0 The Mundell-Fleming model is regarded as an open economy IS-LM version with inclusion of capital f lows as a vital constituent of the model. The model is developed for the assessment of macroeconomic policy in a little open economy regarded as a price taker in import and export markets. The economy of Australia is definitely a small and open economy thus the application of this model to analyse the macroeconomic policy. In the last decade the imports and exports of services and goods of Australia were averaged at 37.3% of the GDP. The ISLM – BP model requires the capital mobility in order for the capital flows role to be activated. From the year 1980s both the capital outflows and inflows have

Databases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Databases - Essay Example The construction of a relational database is built around the concepts of relations. This theory include relational algebra (which is a set of mathematical operators which operate on relations and produce relation results), relation variables, and relational comparison operators. A database suitability of a given kind of database, either object oriented or relational databases, depends on the requirements of the user. The anatomy of a relation consist of the body, which is the cardinality of the relation, attribute name and attribute values (Halpin & Morgan, 2010). The number of attributes is referred to as the degree of the relation, while the number of tuples is the cardinality. On the other hand, a set of attributes is the heading of the relation, and the set of tuples is the body of the relation. To manage a database and provide access to them, a database management system is used. Database management system is predominantly used in accepting commands provided by application prog rams and executing them on behalf of the user (Ritchie, 2002). This commands are written in database language of the database management system like SQL. Some of the responses include messages, results of queries, and completion of codes. Database management system normally operate as servers in order to support a wide variety of concurrent users. Application programs which run as clients for the set servers are its immediate users. These clients run on behalf of the end users. In transmission of this commands, communication protocol is required and also responses between servers and clients. When a client needs to submit information to the server, a connection must first be established between the client and the servers. This initiates a session. This session typically lasts until it’s terminated on an explicit request by the client. Relational databases have a wide range of application. Thus, this implies its importance in computing and data warehousing. Relational database s are important in disaster recovery planning. This is due to several reasons which are highlighted below; 1. Relational databases have an ease of maintenance. Once a backup plan is developed using its maintenance is of great importance. Systems developed with relational databases are easy to maintain. This is due to the fact that once a simple entry is edited, the whole database is updated (Ritchie, 2002). Also, data from other sources can be easily be incorporated into the existing database. This is simply by importing the data using the import function into the current database. This is instantaneous and the imported data is automatically updated into the database. This makes the database maintenance easy since new information is added with easy. 2. Relational databases have ease of access. This is the most important factor during planning, developing maintaining, testing and the actual process of recovery. The interrelationship that characterizes relational database systems make s the recovery availability online easy and instantaneous. In the case in which the database relationship has been established sensibly, important information can be reached from any terminal which has accessibility to the mainframe. This is if and only if the system is operational. Apart from assisting in disaster preparedness, relational database are needed since there use ensures that there are minimal; duplication of data in a given relational databa

Crime and punishment morally ambigous character Essay Example for Free

Crime and punishment morally ambigous character Essay Several morally ambiguous characters played different vital roles in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. In fact, most characters illustrated in this twisted novel can be evaluated as possesing good and evil qualities. Sonia Marmeladov is especially ambiguous and important in this novel. Her contradicting social and moral statuses along with her contrasting roles as a saintly liberator and sinner allowed Sonia to play a crucial role throughout the novel. Not only that but her character further strengthens the theme of religious awakening. At times Sonias character becomes hard to categorize as good or evil because of her actions. The first descriptions the reader gets of Sonia are from her drunk father, Marmeladov. She has lived her life with little money, poor housing conidtions described as having every sign of povery (294). Sonia tries to make an honest living by making linen shirts but do you suppose that a respectable poor girl can earn much by hard work? Not fifteen farthings a day can she earn(15). Not merely enough to support a family along with her drunk fathers habits. So Sonia eventually becomes a prositute in order to to support her family and gains a yellow ticket (16) This is what gained Sonia her title as a sinner and which puts her character at question. However, Marmeladov explains to Raskolnikov how Sonia goes to them mostly after dark, she comforts Katerina Ivanorna and gives her all she can( 16). This part of Sonias character depicts her as a loving daughter willing to sacrifice herself to save her family. This portrayal in some ways resembles Christ as He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness. He sarcrificed himself as she sacrifies herself. Does that change the fact that she is committing a sin? No of course not and that is exactly where the conflict of her morality takes place. The world sees her in such an attire(163)which puts her to shame in her guady finery (163) Yet the reader sees a young, timid girl who was pushed to take drastic decisions in her life. It is Sonias actions which are evil but her purpose and pure soul make her more saintly than most of the characters in the novel. Because her character plays this role, it is her who helps Raskolnikov find his religious faith and who leads him to finally come clean later on in the book. Another circumstance where Sonya is morally ambiguous is where she has to decide to either have a relationship with Raskolnikov, or leave him out of the picture when he tells her that it is he who murdered the pawnbroker. Sonya knows that it is right to help Raskolnikov because he could be lost and go even deeper into his madness. However, Sonya knows that Raskolnikov is a killer and it would be wrong to be associated with somebody who knowingly commits sins as extravagant as murder. Sonya is also aware that Raskolnikov has issues and his madness could drive him to do other things that could lead to even worse consequences. Sonia does tell Raskolnikov that he must turn himself in and confess his sins but she also hugs him and kisses him as to comfort him. Her odd response is to tell Raskolnikov I will follow you, I will follow you everywhere Ill follow you to Siberia (407). As she tries to find a valid excuse as to why he killed those women, she finds that there was no good intentions in his mind, yet she still sticks by Raskolnikovs side. This response leaves the reader wondering whether Sonia is doing this to help a lost soul and play her role as a saintly liberator or does her love blind her and is she simply not caring that what Raskolnikov committed was murder. However, even though the last part of the book depicts Sonia as an accomplice to a morally wrong crime, the epilogue illustrates her as a saintly liberator. In Siberia, the image which she carried back in part one and part two of the book are stripped and she is loved by the prisoners in the camp. They even called her â€Å"little mother Sofya Semyonovna†(538), and although it is clearly stated that Sonia herself did nothing special to be liked, their preference for her depicts that they sensed her moral â€Å"goodness. † Without direct statement, Sonia herself was the reason why Raskolnikov felt in some way his religious reawakening. Through her unconditional love, she and her role made this â€Å"story of a gradual renewal of a man† (542) happen. Dostoevsky theme of religion was carried on and developed by Sonia’s character through her moral ambiguity. Though her character appears to be immoral in several cases, in the epilogue the reader sees how it all comes together and how Doestoevsky uses Sonya illustrates important social and political issues that were of concern to him, such as the treatment of women, the effects of poverty, the importance of religious faith, and the importance of devotion to family.

Charles Dickens use of writing as a tool to change society in A Christmas Carol :: essays research papers

?Charles Dickens used much of his writing as a tool to change society. How does he attempt this in ?A Christmas Carol? and to what extent does he succeed During Victorian Britain, 1837-1901, the population of the country grew immensely. By the start of the twentieth century, there were three times as many people as there was at the beginning of the previous century. This led to a huge shortage of housing and work, for people to earn money towards their family budget. As there were too many workers in industries, each person was paid very little money and because of that they all had to work for very long hours. Therefore, children had to work too as they were expected to contribute to the family budget. Their size was often taken advantage of as they were sent to do very dangerous jobs which adults could not do for very long hours. Nevertheless, they only received a small amount of wages. The shortage in housing resulted in people having to settle for extreme and crowded conditions. ?Hideous slums, some of them acres wide and some more than crannies obscure misery, make up a substantial part of metropolis .........In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room?. They had to live in such small rooms amongst so many others and they regularly died of starvation. There were also many poor civilians that passed away because of diseases. This was because sewers ran straight down the middle of the streets, often merging with the drinking water that was around. Also, the shortage of housing meant that the rich and the poor lived side by side as the cramped houses of the poor were right next to the large and spacious ones of the wealthy. This was the same chapter of history in which Charles Dickens grew up in and he, like many others, was from a poor family. At a very young age, he was forced to begin work as his father had been arrested.

Can Television Improve Social and Political Life in the United States?

Throughout history television has been used to improve social and political life in the United States in many ways. Television reaches millions of viewers in the United States on a daily basis. It is an important form of communication and has been for many years. Television brings important historical events, both positive and negative, directly into the homes of America. People do not only read about current events, they experience them in real time. Society and Television Television can be used as an education tool because there are many television shows on the air that are informative and educational. The right television shows can teach our children about morals and values. Educational television is not only for children, television channels such as â€Å"National Geographic† and â€Å"The History Channel† can serve as learning tools for adults. There are also programs that educate society about problems and concerns about the social and political aspects in America. Since there is at least one television in each household, it is the best tool to use when airing news broadcasts used address a large audience (Csun. edu). Issues such as the large rate of unemployment or political happenings in the country are made known to the American public. Using television to educate those who do not know all of the facts and data related to issues of society is one way these issues can be addressed. Airing programs that address these issues during prime time news or highly watched shows would utilize the influence that television has and reach a large number of people at one time. One way to improve social life in the United States is to let the majority of the population know what is going on in America. When awareness is improved, news coverage and politics begin to get involved with the issues that the American people are concerned about. Political Television The television can be used to improve political life as well. The news stations cover and dramatize the news when it comes to politics. There is always a politician arguing over the latest issue that has arisen. Even though these types of arguments are sometimes dramatized, it gives the American people a chance to view both sides of an issue. Television also airs messages from politicians who are campaigning for seats in the Senate or House. This is useful with providing American people with knowledge about candidates and what they stand for. The American people get to see the pros and cons of one side versus the other side and then decide who they agree with. Television can improve political life by informing Americans about who stands for what and what the politician’s goals may be (abelard. org). A person is better suited to make a clear and conscious decision about who they want to vote for in any election through the information that television provides to the public. Television helps improve both social and political life in by raising awareness of social issues and informing people about political aspects that are going on in the United States.

Organizational Culture and Change in Southwest Airlines

Organizational culture and change in Southwest Airlines Organizational Culture and Change Introduction Organizations like the Southwest Airlines all have a culture, which demonstrates how the organization works and usually acts as its motivational tool. An organizational culture is important to the organization, as it is the major element in helping attain the organizations goals and objectives. Cultures in organizations are vast, with different organizations adopting their own type of culture. The examples of culture include; club cultures, where employees of the organization are assisted to fit into the culture. This is the most common type adopted by most organizations. There is also the academy culture, where the organization keeps its most skilled employees. The skills are developed by the company and an example of the organization that mostly uses this culture is the large corporations like the Southwest Airlines. The base team culture is designed to maintain high skilled employees, as these employees have great skills and can work for many other organizations. Other organizatio ns have cultures that are highly discouraged, like the fortress culture, where employees hardly know their fate, and can be laid off any time. These organizations often undergo changes through reorganization, and only the specialized skilled people have chances for positions in the organization. Despite these many types of the cultures, management should ensure culture that is reputable, andShow MoreRelatedLeadership of Southwest Airlines1148 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership of Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is often a modeled by other companies for its organizational structure. Organizations that have an effective management team are successful in developing a strong organizational culture, utilizing managerial controls, and leveraging diversity. 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Even though Southwest Airlines has achieved a level of excellence that is rare in almostRead MoreCulture Is The Shared Values And Beliefs That Shapes An Organization1117 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture is the shared values and beliefs that shapes an organization (Bethel, 2016). Further, organizational culture defines how the employees and leadership treat each other and others (Parnell, 2014). Honestly, it appears Southwest has captured pieces of both an adaptive and inert culture. Why? Adaptive culture exhibits trust, employee involvement, positive change, and a willingness to embrace change relevant to their core values (Parne ll, 2014). Check, Southwest meets the criteriaRead MoreThe Merger Of Airtran By Southwest Airlines1234 Words   |  5 PagesTitle of Case: THE MERGER OF AIRTRAN BY SOUTHWEST AIRLINES: WILL THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES MERGE? Date: 09/14/2014 Name: Sagar Mehta. 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Inquiry Learning Experience - 1140 Words

This inquiry learning experience is designed to give students the opportunity to explore the metamorphosis of a caterpillar into a butterfly (see appendix). Through this experience, children will practice the skills of observing, communicating, classifying and inferring. These skills are integrated in the lessons and allow children to construct knowledge about how caterpillar will change into a butterfly following certain developmental growth sequence. Children need to collect information about the life cycle of a butterfly using their science journals to record observations and questions and assess their understanding. The learning strategies vary from individual to a whole group activity and small group activity and ensure that teachers are giving individual attention and encouragement for students to express ideas and thoughts and practice writing in their journals. In this experience, children will be giving the opportunity to observe the transformation process in their class as part of real life experience while observing real caterpillar transforming into a butterfly. More activities such as songs, sequence cards game, charts, drawing, stories and audio visual videos (See appendix) are there to reinforce the understanding of the concept. A fieldtrip to a place where they rear butterflies will be very beneficial as well if such a place does exist. It would be an amazing educational experience for students and teachers to visit and witness this amazing naturalShow MoreRelatedInquiry On The Humanities Classroom Essay1882 Words   |  8 Pages Inquiry Learning in the Humanities Classroom 1.0 What is Inquiry Learning in Humanities and Social Sciences? 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Over theRead MoreThe Effect Of Inquiry Based Learning On Pupils Understanding2214 Words   |  9 Pages THE EFFECT OF INQUIRY – BASED LEARNING ON PUPILS’ UNDERSTANDING STUDENT NUMBER: 9607807 THE EFFECT OF INQUIRY – BASED LEARNING ON PUPILS’ UNDERSTANDING Two of the three aims of the national curriculum for mathematics in England states that pupils should be able to: †¢ reason mathematically by following a line of enquiry, conjecturing relationships and generalisations, and developing an argument, justification or proof using mathematical language †¢ solve problems by applying theirRead MoreQuestions On Science : Science Inquiry6774 Words   |  28 PagesElementary Methods Unit 5: Science Inquiry in the Classroom Summary: In today?s traditional science classroom, teachers are the givers of knowledge and present the required information in either a lecture or presentation method. Students are expected to sit quietly, take notes and retain the information for the test at the end of the unit. When student do engage in science activities, they do not often connect the concept with the activity with causes a lack of student understanding and retentionRead MoreHow Teachers Can Use Social Constructivist Based Instructional Practices3528 Words   |  15 Pages310-200-7672 GED 501 Seminar in Learning and Development California State University of Dominguez Hills December 2014 Abstract Instructional practices based in social constructivism involve students constructing new knowledge utilizing social interaction amongst themselves and with teachers. Learner-centered classrooms require significant planning and forethought by teachers to ensure that instruction is well structured, but fluid enough to allow for student-led inquiry. This paper analyzes severalRead MoreRationale Of Curriculum Integration And Differentiation1705 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual needs, interests and abilities. 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By studying this learning area, children will attain a comprehensive, informative view of their world and with the knowledge learnt, become active participants in the 21st century (ACARA,2014).It has been suggested, children inRead MoreThe Goal of Education is the Student Discovering the Power of his/her Own Mind1566 Words   |  6 Pagesgoal in education than that the child shall discover the power of his or her own mind. And I know of no more important source of that discovery for every child, than the inquiry that lives in continuing exploratory in the classroom. (Lindfors, 1999, p.247) Kindergarten is the place where children explore real experiences and know how world works. They start gradually to construct knowledge and transform their curiosities into thoughts and questions. By wondering to find answers, childrenRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Programs Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers of the class.(Vrankovic, M, 2016). My learning philosophy is derived from the constructivist philosophy whereby students are active participants in their learning in order to be able to transfer information into new situations to promote deeper levels of understanding which caters for the diversity of each child. My philosophy of teaching aligns with Inquiry learning where a child’s natural inquisitive mind is nurtured through active learning experiences which are both child lead and adult leadRead MoreConstructivist Beliefs And Assumptions That Learners Actively Construct Their Meaning And Alter Their Prior Knowledge By Interacting With Learning1122 Words   |  5 Pagesinteracting with the learning environment (Jansen Land, 2012). Constructivist approach to learning emphasizes the importance of actively building meaning by interacting with the learning environment and integrating new information into the learners existing knowledge (Dede, 2008; Dabbagh, 2006; Colburn, 2000). Students learn better when they are actively engaged in learning process (Jaakkola, 2012). In inquiry learning environments students learn by actively participating in the learning process, interacting